Review of Total Physical Response (TPR) (chapter V, from efl teaching methodoloy book by Dr. Fahrus Zaman Fadhly, M.Pd.)

 Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method that emphasizes the use of physical movement in the learning process. Created by James J. Asher in 1965, TPR aims to imitate the way children learn their native language, namely by understanding and physically responding to commands before starting to speak. In this approach, teaching begins by giving commands in the language being studied, followed by a physical response from the student. TPR focuses more on developing listening skills first, followed by active language production.

 The basic principle of TPR is that language is learned through imitation and physical response. Learning takes place in a fun and stress-free atmosphere, which helps reduce student anxiety. They are simply asked to listen and respond through physical movements, which allows them to feel more comfortable without having to speak immediately. This is important for creating a non-pressure learning environment, providing opportunities for students to develop gradually.

 Apart from that, TPR also introduces vocabulary and grammatical structures inductively. Vocabulary is taught in a relevant context, so it is easier to remember and relate to physical actions. This approach is very effective in strengthening long-term memory because it involves physical involvement of students. TPR can also be adapted to various learning needs, including for students with learning disorders such as dyslexia or visual impairment.

 Although TPR has many advantages, this method also has some disadvantages. One of them is the limited vocabulary and structures that can be taught, because TPR focuses more on commands and words related to physical actions. This makes it difficult to teach abstract concepts or more complex grammatical structures. In addition, if used continuously, TPR can cause boredom in students if it is not combined with other teaching approaches.

 Another advantage of TPR is its ability to improve students' listening skills. Students are encouraged to understand commands in the language they are learning directly, which helps them build a better understanding of the language. TPR also creates more active student involvement in the learning process, which can increase motivation and make the learning experience more enjoyable.

 However, TPR may focus less on speaking and writing skills. Because there is more emphasis on verbal comprehension and physical responses, students may not get enough speaking practice in the early stages. This can be an obstacle for students who want to more quickly develop their speaking skills in that language.

 This method is also very inclusive, because it can be adapted to various learning styles, including kinesthetic learners who tend to learn through movement. In this way, TPR can support a diversity of learning styles in the classroom. Additionally, TPR often integrates cultural elements, allowing students to understand the social and cultural context of the language being studied through physical actions and expressions.

 Overall, although TPR offers many benefits such as improved listening skills, reduced anxiety, and active engagement, it should be used with caution and adapted to the student's ability level and context. Combining TPR with other methods, such as storytelling or games, can make the learning experience more interesting and keep student enthusiasm high.

Referensi:

Fadhly F.Z (2023), EFL teaching methodology, Edukasi Inti Cemerlang